How GPA Works
Grade Point Average converts letter grades to points (A = 4.0, B = 3.0 …) and weights each course by its credit hours:
GPA = Σ(grade points × credits) ÷ Σ(credits)
The Standard 4.0 Scale
| Grade | Points | Grade | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| A / A+ | 4.0 | C+ | 2.3 |
| A− | 3.7 | C | 2.0 |
| B+ | 3.3 | C− | 1.7 |
| B | 3.0 | D+ / D | 1.3 / 1.0 |
| B− | 2.7 | F | 0.0 |
Worked Example
Calculus A− (4 credits), English B+ (3 credits), Chemistry B (4 credits): GPA = (3.7×4 + 3.3×3 + 3.0×4) ÷ 11 = 36.7 ÷ 11 ≈ 3.34.
What Counts as a Good GPA?
Above 3.0 is generally "good standing"; 3.5+ is competitive for graduate programs; 3.7+ typically qualifies for Dean's List. Below 2.0 usually triggers academic probation. Context matters — grading rigor differs across schools and majors, and admissions offices know it.